Detachable cylinder head for internal-combustion engines



July 23, 1929. A. E. HODGSON E T AL 1,722,216

DETACHABLE CYLINDER HEAD FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed March 26, 1928 ILL Z go??? Patented July 23, 1929.

' mane ALBERT EDVIARD HODGSON AND NORMAN CLARKE J'OF'ES, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

DETACI-IABLE CYLINDER HEAD FOR ENTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

Application area March 2a, 1928, Serial No.

The use of producer gas for automobile traction, transport purposes and stationary power purposes, is well known and it frequently happens that the employment of this fuel with the ordinary engine designed for use with petrol or paraffin results in considerable loss of power owing to the compara tivcly low compression of the gas.

It is equally well known that to satisfactorily employ producer gas for this purpose, a considerably increased compression of gas mixture must be available if the power obtained from the engine is to be anything approximating that of an engine when using petrol or parafiin (kerosene).

The object of the present invention is to so construct a detachable cylinder head that the cubic capacity of the space or combustion chamber is materially reduced and so obtain higher ratios of compression than is possible or practicable owing to preignition with the ordinary detachable cylinder head as used with the petrol or paraffin driven motor.

According to the present invention presuming the conversion of the petrol driven motor to the producer gas driven motor and the adaptation thereof to what is known as the L-headed engine wherein admission and exhaust valves are situated on the one side of the cylinder, the detachable head is constructed with a hollow interior as is usual for the petrol motor leaving a sufficient space on the one side within which the valves operate. From this side the cover or head is inclined towards and across the upper side of the c linder so that a com arativel 7 small i .l

space is left between the top of the piston and the under-side of the cover at the remote side of the cover to that enclosing the aforesaid valves thus reducing the cubic capacity of the space beneath the head or cover from 75% of that usually employed whereby a very much higher ratio of compression is obtained.

It may be observed in connection with the ordinary internal combustion engine using petrol, paraffin (kerosene) or the like as the fuel supply detachable cylinder heads with domed and sloping interior roofs or cavities provided therein above the valve and pistons are well. known for establishing the combustion chamber at the head of the cylinder and creating a'turbulence chamber for the ex plosive mixture with a view to preventing preignition but with the use of producer gas there is no need for the provision of such 264,872, and in Great Britain April 4, i927.

definitely formed turbulence chambers as the chance of preignition is not so great and furthermore due to the'higher ratio of compression required it becomes practically im-. possible to provide such; turbulence chain-- bers owing to the reduction of the cubic capacity of the compression space or combus- Figure 4 is a sectional'view of a cylinder head or cover of a modified form of construction.

Similar letters of reference relate to the like parts in all the figures of the drawings.

Referring now to the drawings and particularly to Figures 1 to 3 a is the cylinder to which is attached the detachable head or cover Z) which is constructed so as to provide the interior chamber 0. The chamber 0 is so arranged that the engine inlet and exhaust valves (Z and e operate within it and thedepth of the side or wall f of the chamber 0 at the point where the valves operate is so calculated that just suflicient space is available for the valves to open fully. 'The upper surface or roof 9 of the 'fchamb'er 0 inclines towards and across the cylinder a so that there is a comparatively small space at the opposite side it between the top of the piston z' and the under-side of the roof 9. The inclination of the roof surface may, however, be more rapid than shown in Figure 1 by forming the same in two or more stages g, g successively as shown in Figure 4: inclining from the side 7" to the top of the comparatively non-existent side h; In the cross section Figure3 the roof surface 9 of the chamber 0 is shown flat or straight but obvi- V ously it may be curved or, domed, and referring to that illustrated in Figure 4 the portion of the chamber 0 over the valves may be flat and the portion over the piston inclined or triangular as shown in dotted lines, Figure 3.

' cavity is near the exhaust or inlet valves or directly over the pistons if required or at any convenient point within the compression space inserted from the exterior as usual. I v

lVhat we claim is In an internal combustion engine the combination with a body portion comprising cylinder and valve sections and having a fiat end with a cylinder opening and a valve opening therein all in the same plane, of a hollow cylinder head of a form to fit said body portion adapted to be removably connected therewith and presenting the interior roof plate inclined downwardly in stepped form from the valve side to the cylinder side of the engine, the height of the combustion chamber decreasing over the cylinder portion. of the combustion chamber toward the side thereof from aline extending from the mid point between the Valves and through the piston center.

In testimony whereof We aflix our signatures.

ALBERT EDWARD HODGSON.

NORMAN CLARKE JONES. 

